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    Clinical Research Library

    What does the published research say about PEMF and bioregulation?

    This library holds 50 published studies across 16 clinical categories, each graded A through F on a published scale, with Review and Ongoing Trial as separate labels. Negative and preclinical findings are listed alongside positive ones. No category currently holds an A grade.

    Last reviewed 2026-08-27. Read the grading methodology.

    How can I filter these studies?

    Showing 50 of 50 studies. Studies are ordered by category, then by year, so negative and preclinical results appear in line with the rest.

    Graded index of published PEMF, bioregulation and biofeedback studies
    CategoryStudyGradeDesignPopulationYearLink
    AnxietyPEMF Vagus Nerve Stimulation for AnxietyB+Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial485 volunteers2025Source
    AnxietyPEMF for Anxiety in Cervical Disc HerniationB+Randomized controlled trialPatients with cervical disc herniationNot reportedPubMed 31385489
    AnxietyPEMF Treatment of Anxiety, Panic & PTSD (Review)ReviewNarrative reviewNot reportedNot reportedSource
    Autism SpectrumELF PEMF Treatment Effects on ASD SymptomsC+Double-blind pilot trialNot reported2024Source
    Autism SpectrumrTMS Modulation in Children/Adolescents with ASDB-Controlled clinical study19 males aged 9-18 with ASD2016PubMed 27493627
    Autism SpectrumMonash University: TMS for ASD Anxiety & Social ProblemsB-Randomized controlled trialNot reported2014PubMed 24280031
    Autism Spectrum18-Week Study: Cognition and Behavior in Autistic TeenagersB-Controlled clinical studyNot reported2010PubMed 21116441
    Autism SpectrumUniversity of Louisville: Behavioral Improvement in Autistic ChildrenB-Controlled clinical studyNot reported2010PubMed 19941058
    Autism SpectrumNon-Invasive Brain Stimulation for ASD: Meta-AnalysisB-Systematic review and meta-analysis829 participants across 22 studiesNot reportedSource
    Biofeedback RehabilitationComputerized Biofeedback for Diabetic Hand Neuropathy: RCTB-Randomized controlled trial38 patients2019PubMed 31058475
    Bone Healing (Delayed & Nonunion)PEMF for Acute Fractures: Systematic Review (NEGATIVE)DSystematic review3 recent RCTs2024PubMed 39387850
    Bone Healing (Delayed & Nonunion)PEMF for Fracture Healing: Systematic Review & Meta-AnalysisA-Systematic review and meta-analysis1,468 participants across 22 studies2020PubMed 32495506
    Bone Healing (Delayed & Nonunion)PEMF for Delayed Union: RCTB+Randomized controlled trialDelayed union patients2013PubMed 23331333
    Chronic Pain2024 Meta-Analysis: PEMF for OsteoarthritisA-Systematic review and meta-analysisNot reported2024PubMed 38610722
    Chronic PainNeurofeedback for Chronic Pain: Meta-AnalysisB+Systematic review and meta-analysisNot reported2020PubMed 32502283
    Chronic PainElectrodermal Biofeedback for Pain & InflammationBControlled clinical studyPatients aged 30-86 with chronic pain2019PubMed 30805908
    Chronic PainKnee Osteoarthritis: Wearable PEMF vs Placebo (RCT)A-Randomized controlled trial66 adults with radiographic knee OA2016PubMed 26705327
    Chronic PainPEMF for Osteoarthritis: Landmark StudyA-Randomized controlled trial167 patients with knee or cervical spine OA1994PubMed 7837158
    Chronic PainBiofeedback for Chronic Back Pain: Meta-AnalysisB+Meta-analysis1,062 patients with chronic back painNot reportedPubMed 27307013
    DepressionPEMF Effects on Depression in Multiple SclerosisBSystematic review372 MS patients across 8 RCTs2025Source
    DepressionT-PEMF for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Multicenter StudyB+Controlled clinical study58 participants with treatment-resistant depression2020Source
    DepressionT-PEMF for Treatment-Resistant Depression (RCT)B+Randomized controlled trialPatients with treatment-resistant major depression2010PubMed 20385376
    Exercise RecoveryPEMF for Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: RCTC+Randomized controlled trial30 subjects2014PubMed 24906295
    Exercise RecoveryPEMF and HRV Recovery After Physical Strain: RCTC+Randomized controlled trialNot reported2007PubMed 17674028
    HRV BiofeedbackHRV Biofeedback for Cardiovascular Recovery in AthletesBControlled clinical studySoccer players2025PubMed 39630342
    HRV BiofeedbackHRV Biofeedback: Anxiety and EEG MarkersB+Controlled clinical study55 students with anxiety2024PubMed 38888656
    HRV BiofeedbackTelemedicine HRV Biofeedback for Healthcare WorkersBControlled clinical studyFrontline healthcare workers2024PubMed 39513426
    HRV BiofeedbackHRV Biofeedback and Executive Function: Systematic ReviewBSystematic review777 participants across 16 studies2022PubMed 35299845
    HRV BiofeedbackHRV Biofeedback and Recovery TimeB-Controlled clinical studyNot reported2021PubMed 33403512
    HRV BiofeedbackHRV Biofeedback: Systematic Review & Meta-AnalysisA-Systematic review and meta-analysis58 randomized controlled studies2020PubMed 32385728
    HRV Biofeedback5-Week HRV Biofeedback for Stress in WomenB+Controlled clinical study50 women (20 pregnant, 30 non-pregnant)2019PubMed 30909539
    HRV BiofeedbackSingle-Session HRV Biofeedback for Performance AnxietyB+Randomized controlled trial46 trained musicians2012PubMed 23056361
    Mechanistic (Preclinical)PEMF and Mitochondrial RespirationFPreclinical laboratory studyCell cultures, tissue homogenates, isolated mitochondria2026PubMed 41618092
    Methodological LimitsIn-Vitro PEMF Research: Systematic Reviewn/aSystematic review92 qualifying publications 1999-2019Not reportedNo public record
    Methodological LimitsWhole-Body Low-Frequency PEMF: Stringent Systematic Reviewn/aSystematic review11 randomized sham-controlled double-blind human studiesNot reportedNo public record
    Neuropathic PainPEMF for Neuropathic Pain: Meta-Analysis (NEGATIVE)DMeta-analysis688 patients across 13 RCTs2026PubMed 41745713
    Neuropathic PainPEMF for Neuropathic Pain: RCTC+Randomized controlled trial182 patients2023PubMed 37542366
    Neuropathic PainPEMF for Diabetic Neuropathy: RCT (NEGATIVE)DRandomized controlled trial225 patients2009PubMed 19577022
    OCDMeta-Analysis of TMS in OCDBMeta-analysis860 participants across 25 RCTs2023PubMed 37343662
    Post-Surgical RecoveryPEMF After Cesarean Section: RCTB+Randomized controlled trial72 patients2017PubMed 28060214
    Post-Surgical RecoveryPEMF After Breast Reconstruction: RCTB+Randomized controlled trial32 patients2015PubMed 25919263
    Post-Surgical RecoveryPEMF After Breast Reduction: Double-Blind PilotBRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialBreast reduction patients2010PubMed 20527063
    PTSD & TraumaPEMF Physiological Response in Trauma TreatmentReviewNarrative reviewNot reported2023PubMed 37510998
    PTSD & TraumaPEMF Attenuated PTSD-Induced Fear Extinction FailureB-Controlled clinical studyNot reportedNot reportedSource
    PTSD & TraumaPEMF Therapy Clinical Trial for PTSD (Ongoing)Ongoing TrialRegistered clinical trial, results not yet publishedNot reportedNot reportedSource
    PTSD & TraumaTMS for PTSD Core SymptomsB-Randomized controlled trial118 individuals across 5 RCTsNot reportedSource
    Sleep & InsomniaPEMF Therapy: Non-Pharmacological Approach to InsomniaReviewNarrative reviewNot reported2025Source
    Sleep & InsomniaPulse Magnetic Therapy for Insomnia: Multicenter RCTA-Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial153 participants (76 PEMF, 77 sham)2023Source
    Sleep & InsomniaImpulse Magnetic-Field Therapy for Insomnia (Landmark Study)A-Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial101 patients with insomnia2001PubMed 11697020
    Vascular & Nitric OxidePEMF and Nitric Oxide in Metabolic Syndrome: Mayo Clinic RCTBRandomized controlled trial44 adults with metabolic syndrome2019PubMed 31394939

    A positive PEMF study is not evidence for a specific device unless the signal parameters studied are reasonably comparable to what that device produces. Read the methodology and its stated limitations before drawing conclusions from any single row above.

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    How the library is built, and where to go next.

    Grading Methodology

    How each study is searched, screened, graded and reviewed.

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    Clinical White Paper

    The BioReg clinical white paper on bioregulation therapy.

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